Are eSignatures Legally Binding in Egypt?

Electronic signatures are legal in Egypt and have been since 2004 with the introduction of the E-Signature Law. A written signature is not always required for a contract to be valid in Egypt. Contracts are deemed valid as long as the parties involved are legally competent and have reached an agreement, whether that agreement is made verbally, on paper, or electronically. The law confirms that a contract cannot be denied enforceability simply because it is in a digital format. To prove that a contract is valid parties sometimes have to present evidence in court. Generally, local authority-certified signatures (Information Technology Industry Development Authority, ITIDA) will be automatically admitted into evidence in accordance with Article 14 of the E-Signature Law.

Documents that can be signed electronically

The transactions below are examples of cases where electronic signatures are acceptable to use in Egypt:

Consumer agreements
HR documents
Commercial agreements between corporate entities
Non-exclusive IP licenses
Real estate documents
Incorporation and post-incorporation services documents

Documents that may not be electronically signed

In Egypt, some transaction types explicitly require a handwritten signature and do not permit electronic signatures. Also, some formal notarial processes are not compatible with the use of e-signatures. Examples of documents that cannot use electronic signatures include:

Intangible property transfers
Real property transfer contracts and deeds

Types of e-signature permitted in Egypt

A qualified electronic signature (QES) is the only type of e-signature in Egypt that is admissible before courts. A qualified e-signature is an implementation that has met particular government specifications such as using a secure signature creation device. Also, it has been certified as “qualified” by the government or a contracted third party.

Notable legality changes since 2020

None.

Publicly Accessible Links to Laws/Regulations Discussed

Law No.15/2004 on E-Signature and Establishment of the Information Technology Industry Development Authority (ITIDA)

Disclaimer

The content provided on this website is meant for general informational use only and does not constitute legal advice. Legal regulations on this topic can evolve rapidly, so E-Sign does not ensure that the information presented here is always up-to-date or accurate. If you have particular legal concerns regarding any details on this site, it is recommended that you consult with a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction.

Last Updated 9th October 2024

The Legality of eSignatures in Egypt

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